Multiscale models of kidney function and diseases

Abstract

The kidney is a complex system whose function is the result of synergistic operations among a number of biological processes. The spatial and functional scales of those processes span a wide range. To interrogate kidney function, one may apply multiscale models. Such models typically couple subcellular processes mediated by membrane channels and transporters, cellular processes, and supracellular processes such as nephron transport and renal autoregulation. We describe the approaches by which biological processes across scales can be coupled, and we highlight the successes of these multiscale models in revealing insights into kidney function under physiological, pathophysiological, or therapeutic conditions.