Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (Etheostoma spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River

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dc.contributor.authorHodgson, Rhiannon
dc.contributor.authorBragg, Leslie M.
dc.contributor.authorDhiyebi, Hadi A.
dc.contributor.authorServos, Mark. R.
dc.contributor.authorCraig, Paul M.
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-20T21:04:43Z
dc.date.available2022-06-20T21:04:43Z
dc.date.issued2020-11-25
dc.description.abstractThe effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is a major point source of contamination in Canadian waterways. The improvement of effluent quality to reduce contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, before being released into the environment is necessary to reduce the impacts on organisms that live in the river downstream. Here, we aimed to characterize the metabolic and gill physiological responses of rainbow (Etheostoma caeruleum), fantail (Etheostoma flabellare), and greenside (Etheostoma blennioides) darters to the effluent in the Grand River from the recently upgraded Waterloo municipal wastewater treatment plant. The routine metabolism of darters was not affected by effluent exposure, but some species had increased maximum metabolic rates, leading to an increased aerobic scope. The rainbow darter aerobic scope increased by 2.2 times and the fantail darter aerobic scope increased by 2.7 times compared to the reference site. Gill samples from effluent-exposed rainbow darters and greenside darters showed evidence of more pathologies and variations in morphology. These results suggest that darters can metabolically adjust to effluent-contaminated water and may also be adapting to the urban and agricultural inputs. The modification and damage to the gills provide a useful water quality indicator but does not necessarily reflect how well acclimated the species is to the environment due to a lack of evidence of poor fish health.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported through the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (#RGPIN-2015-05643) and the Canadian First Research Excellence Fund Global Water Futures initiative (PI: Mark Servos). R.H. was supported by a Queen Elizabeth II Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology.en
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app10238364
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10012/18406
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteen
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectEtheostoma speciesen
dc.subjectwastewater effluenten
dc.subjectfield metabolic rateen
dc.subjectgill pathologyen
dc.subjectrespirometryen
dc.subjectpharmaceuticalsen
dc.titleImpacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (Etheostoma spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand Riveren
dc.typeArticleen
dcterms.bibliographicCitationHodgson, R., Bragg, L., Dhiyebi, H. A., Servos, M. R., & Craig, P. M. (2020). Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (Etheostoma spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River. Applied Sciences, 10(23), 8364. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238364en
uws.contributor.affiliation1Faculty of Scienceen
uws.contributor.affiliation2Biologyen
uws.contributor.affiliation2Chemistryen
uws.peerReviewStatusRevieweden
uws.scholarLevelFacultyen
uws.typeOfResourceTexten

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