Disengagement during lectures: Media multitasking and mind wandering in university classrooms
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Date
2019-04-01
Authors
Wammes, Jeffrey D.
Ralph, Brandon
Mills, Caitlin
Bosch, Nigel
Duncan, Tracy L.
Smilek, Daniel
Advisor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
In university classrooms, the use of laptops or smartphones for purposes unrelated to the lecture is on the rise. Consequently, it is important to understand how frequently this behavior occurs, to track whether it increases throughout a lecture, and to quantify the potential costs to learning. In two studies, we measured rates of disengagement during lectures related to media use (i.e. media multitasking; Studies 1 & 2) and lecture-unrelated thoughts (i.e. mind wandering; Study 2). We also measured the impact of these behaviors on learning using quiz questions at the end of each lecture, and students’ actual course tests. In both Study 1 and 2, we found that rates of media multitasking were relatively high and increased as time elapsed in a lecture, while in Study 2, consistent with prior work, rates of mind wandering remained relatively stable. Interestingly, media multitasking - but not mind wandering - was associated with negative learning outcomes.
Description
The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.12.007. © 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Keywords
media in education, post-secondary education, pedagogical issues