Evaluation of Different Graphene Manufacturing: Structure, Composition, and Electrochemical Properties

Abstract

Graphene is a two-dimensional material composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Its thickness is one atom, making it the thinnest material in existence. Graphene has unique properties that make it suitable for various applications. To commercialize graphene products, the industrial production process must meet specific requirements and provide advantages over other alternatives. The mass production method employed should be capable of delivering the required quantities while ensuring reliable quality for large-scale industrial applications. Several synthesis methods are currently utilized to produce graphene, including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Different techniques for synthesizing graphene have their benefits and drawbacks, which can vary depending on the intended use of the material. This study focused on evaluating three commonly used methods for synthesizing graphene: CVD, Hummer's graphene, and Organic Salt graphene. To determine the most appropriate application for each method, characteristic properties were compared using various characterization techniques such as XRD, Raman, BET, and FTIR. In addition, the conducted conductivity and electrochemical tests were performed to accurately assess their suitability for electronic and energy storage applications.