Systematic Methodology for Enhanced Performance Prediction in Designing Large Active Phased Array Antennas for Satellite Communication

Abstract

The deployment of 5th generation (5G) and the development of 6th generation (6G) networks have increased the demand for global connectivity at high data rates. Traditional terrestrial infrastructure, including base stations and optical fiber, faces challenges in remote or sparsely populated regions, such as mountainous terrain and oceans. Satellite communication (SATCOM) provides a complementary solution, enabling direct wireless links between users and satellite constellations, removing the need for implementing optic fiber cables. Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been proposed as they reduce latency and power requirements compared to traditional geostationary satellites, but their constant motion necessitates rapid beam tracking. At the same time, Ka-band operation (27.5–31 GHz) offers wide bandwidths for high data rates but requires high-gain antennas to overcome propagation losses. Electronically steerable Phased Array Antennas (PAAs) have emerged as the leading solution to address these requirements by enabling fast beam steering without mechanical components. Achieving the necessary gain, however, demands large arrays, which introduces significant design challenges.

This thesis presents a systematic design methodology for large 26.5–40 GHz (Ka)-band active PAAs and their feed networks. The methodology leverages industry-standard eletromagnetic (EM) simulation models to guide the design of antenna elements and feed networks, ensuring wideband and scalability. Using this approach, a 16 × 16 active PAA is designed, integrating 64 beamforming integrated circuits (BFICs). Critical system level considerations, including DC power delivery, digital signal integrity, and thermal management, are then analyzed to ensure reliable operation.