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dc.contributor.authorPennycook, Gordon
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-29 15:07:38 (GMT)
dc.date.available2016-07-29 15:07:38 (GMT)
dc.date.issued2016-07-29
dc.date.submitted2016-07-21
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10012/10600
dc.description.abstractThe distinction between intuitive and analytic thinking is common in psychology. However, while often being quite clear on the characteristics of the two processes (‘Type 1’ processes are fast, autonomous, intuitive, etc. and ‘Type 2’ processes are slow, deliberative, analytic, etc.), dual-process theorists have been heavily criticized for being unclear on the factors that determine when an individual will think analytically or rely on their intuition. I address this issue by introducing a three-stage model that elucidates the bottom-up factors that cause individuals to engage Type 2 processing. According to the model, multiple Type 1 processes may be cued by a stimulus (Stage 1), leading to the potential for conflict detection (Stage 2). If successful, conflict detection leads to Type 2 processing (Stage 3), which may take the form of rationalization (i.e., the Type 1 output is verified post hoc) or decoupling (i.e., the Type 1 output is falsified). I tested key aspects of the model using a novel base-rate task where stereotypes and base-rate probabilities cued the same (non-conflict problems) or different (conflict problems) responses about group membership. My results support two key predictions derived from the model: 1) conflict detection and decoupling are dissociable sources of Type 2 processing and 2) conflict detection sometimes fails. I argue that considering the potential stages of reasoning allows us to distinguish early (conflict detection) and late (decoupling) sources of analytic thought. Errors may occur at both stages and, as a consequence, bias arises from both conflict monitoring and decoupling failures.en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherUniversity of Waterlooen
dc.subjectPsychologyen
dc.subjectCognitive Psychologyen
dc.subjectConflict Monitoringen
dc.subjectAnalytic Thinkingen
dc.subjectReasoningen
dc.subjectDecision Makingen
dc.titleWhat Makes us Think? A Three-Stage Dual-Process Model of Analytic Engagementen
dc.typeDoctoral Thesisen
dc.pendingfalse
uws-etd.degree.departmentPsychologyen
uws-etd.degree.disciplinePsychologyen
uws-etd.degree.grantorUniversity of Waterlooen
uws-etd.degreeDoctor of Philosophyen
uws.contributor.advisorKoehler, Derek
uws.contributor.advisorFugelsang, Jonathan
uws.contributor.affiliation1Faculty of Artsen
uws.published.cityWaterlooen
uws.published.countryCanadaen
uws.published.provinceOntarioen
uws.typeOfResourceTexten
uws.peerReviewStatusUnrevieweden
uws.scholarLevelGraduateen


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