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Recent Submissions

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    Simulation of a Vehicle-to-Grid Station for Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Electric Trucks
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), 2025-10-20) Cetin, Arda Mert; Wu, Xiao-Yu
    To combat the continuous increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector, electric vehicles are starting to be used more such as hydrogen (H2) in fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). An advantage gained from this solution is to use FCEVs as electricity generation devices in new vehicle-to-grid (V2G) stations. This research aims to model a FCEV-to-grid (FCEV2G) station under different situations and understand the profitability of such a station. The simulations consisted of power generation considering varying FCEV efficiency, hydrogen cycle, participation of FCEV, and a simplified decision-making process. Historic traffic and electricity data of Ontario were used in the analysis. Preliminary results suggested that even under the optimistic assumptions, technologies still need to be improved to make FCEV2G stations economically viable.
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    Double-Sided Queues and their Applications to Vaccine Inventory Management
    (Wiley, 2025) Wu, Haoran; He, Qi-Ming; Erenay, Fatih Safa
    We consider a double-sided queueing model with batch Markovian arrival processes (BMAPs) and finite discrete abandonment times, which arises in various stochastic systems such as perishable inventory systems and financial markets. Customers arrive at the system with a batch of orders to be matched by counterparts. While waiting to be matched, customers become impatient and may abandon the system without service. The abandonment time of a customer depends on its batch size and its position in the queue. First, we propose an approach to obtain the stationary joint distribution of age processes via the stationary analysis of a multi-layer Markov modulated fluid flow process. Second, using the stationary joint distribution of the age processes, we derive a number of queueing quantities related to matching rates, fill rates, sojourn times and queue length for both sides of the system. Last, we apply our model to analyze a vaccine inventory system and gain insight into the effect of uncertainty in supply and demand processes on the performance of the inventory system. It is observed that BMAPs are better choices for modeling the supply/demand process in systems with high uncertainty for more accurate performance quantities.
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    Lake Ice Thickness Retrieval from SWOT and Legacy Spaceborne SAR Altimetry
    (University of Waterloo, 2026-01-08) Fatt, Jennifer
    Lakes play a critical role as climate change proxies and cover a significant portion of the northern latitude landscape. Lake ice phenology offers valuable insight into changing climate patterns, yet in-situ observations of lake ice have declined substantially in recent decades. This observational gap underscores the growing importance of remote sensing as a tool for understanding and monitoring lake ice. Northern and remote communities particularly rely on lake ice quality, quantity, and thickness for transportation on ice roads, subsistence activities, and recreational use. There has been limited research exploring the use of satellite altimetry for the retrieval of lake ice thickness (LIT); however, its efficacy and utility have been highlighted in recent studies. The Ku-band SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) nadir altimeter (NAlt) provides an opportunity to retrieve ice properties and directly measure ice thickness. This study assesses the retrieval of LIT from SAR altimeters aboard the legacy Sentinel-3 and Sentinel-6 sensors over the winter seasons 2019 to 2025 on Lhù’ààn Mân (Kluane Lake), Yukon, and compares it with the estimated LIT derived from the SWOT altimeter analysis. LIT can be determined using Ku-band altimetry through the analysis of double-peaked waveforms characteristic of lake ice formed by the interaction of the radar signal with the ice interfaces. The utilization of SWOT altimetry has the potential to advance understanding of lake ice processes and to provide valuable datasets for d hydrological models, as well as overall resource management. This thesis discusses the potential applications of SWOT altimetry in lake ice thickness retrieval, emphasizing its capacity to fill critical data gaps. This study implements a dual-peak waveform methodology to estimate LIT using SWOT NAlt and reports an overall RMSE of <0.15m for the SWOT scientific period 2024-2025.
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    Un théâtre en ‘trois D’ dans l’Ouest canadien
    (Erudit, 2018) Nolette, Nicole
    Dans cet article, Nicole Nolette explore le potentiel du concept de « différenciation solidaire » pour l’analyse intertextuelle entre les littératures francophones de l’Ontario et de l’Ouest canadien. Les grandes figures des « trois D » de l’Ontario français (Patrice Desbiens, Robert Dickson et Jean Marc Dalpé), rejetées par la génération de Louis Patrick Leroux, réapparaissent dans la dramaturgie de Marc Prescott au Manitoba et de Gilles Poulin-Denis, originaire de la Saskatchewan. Nicole Nolette identifie les traces des trois D dans la langue, la route, la ville minière et les animaux représentés par Prescott et Poulin-Denis pour montrer comment la solidarisation littéraire de l’Ouest et de l’Ontario francophones peut également signifier une différenciation régionale.
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    Development of a 7-item Dietary Screener Questionnaire for Determining Intakes of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Canadians
    (University of Waterloo, 2026-01-08) Liu, Ming Rong
    The intakes of the omega-3 polyunsaturated acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are associated with various health benefits. The main dietary sources of EPA and DHA are seafood, but there are non-seafood sources that contain significant amounts of EPA and DHA. Determining the dietary intake of EPA and DHA can be challenging due to the sporadic nature of seafood intake. An online 7-item dietary screener has been used to estimate the DHA intake of pregnant women from both seafood and non-seafood sources in the United States. Using this screener as a template, a Canadian screener for estimating EPA and DHA intakes was developed. In Project 1, EPA values were added and DHA values revised to match those in the Canadian Nutrient File, the questions were reordered to focus on seafood commonly consumed, questions about eggs were expanded to include options for size and omega-3 enrichment, and a French version of the screener was developed. In Project 2, fatty acid quantitation analyses were completed on screener items when the Canadian Nutrient File EPA and DHA data was either missing or not consistent with literature. This included eggs (medium, large, extra-large, omega-3, and omega-3 plus), liver (beef, pork, and chicken), and chicken (regular and organic). For Project 3, the “Canadianized” screener was evaluated for errors using mock. To do this, intake information from the 24-hour dietary recalls in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were extrapolated to bimonthly intakes and entered into the screener. The EPA and DHA intakes estimates from the screener agreed with those from the CCHS 2015 Nutrition, indicating that the Canadian screener is ready for a proper validation study in the future. Once validated, this online tool should be able to improve our ability to estimate the intakes of EPA and DHA by Canadians. In addition, the process that was used to “Canadianize” the screener can be used as a template top adapt the screener for different countries.