Lognormal Mixture Model for Option Pricing with Applications to Exotic Options
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Date
2012-08-23T13:42:53Z
Authors
Fang, Mingyu
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
University of Waterloo
Abstract
The Black-Scholes option pricing model has several well recognized deficiencies, one of
which is its assumption of a constant and time-homogeneous stock return volatility term. The implied volatility smile has been studied by subsequent researchers and various models have been developed in an attempt to reproduce this phenomenon from within the models. However, few of these models yield closed-form pricing formulas that are easy to implement in practice. In this thesis, we study a Mixture Lognormal model (MLN) for European option pricing, which assumes that future stock prices are conditionally described by a mixture of lognormal distributions. The ability of mixture models in generating volatility
smiles as well as delivering pricing improvement over the traditional Black-Scholes framework have been much researched under multi-component mixtures for many derivatives and high-volatility individual stock options. In this thesis, we investigate the performance of the model under the simplest two-component mixture in a market characterized by relative tranquillity and over a relatively stable period for broad-based index options. A
careful interpretation is given to the model and the results obtained in the thesis. This
di erentiates our study from many previous studies on this subject. Throughout the thesis, we establish the unique advantage of the MLN model, which is having closed-form option pricing formulas equal to the weighted mixture of Black-Scholes
option prices. We also propose a robust calibration methodology to fit the model to market data. Extreme market states, in particular the so-called crash-o-phobia effect, are shown to be well captured by the calibrated model, albeit small pricing improvements are made over a relatively stable period of index option market. As a major contribution of this thesis, we extend the MLN model to price exotic options including binary, Asian, and barrier options.
Closed-form formulas are derived for binary and continuously monitored barrier options
and simulation-based pricing techniques are proposed for Asian and discretely monitored
barrier options. Lastly, comparative results are analysed for various strike-maturity combinations, which provides insights into the formulation of hedging and risk management strategies.
Description
Keywords
option pricing, mixture, lognormal, exotic options, volatility smile