A process and outcome evaluation of community Tai Chi programs for older adults

Abstract

While modified beginner Tai Chi classes are now routinely offered by community centres, we know very little about the older adults who enroll and how they benefit. This dissertation consisted of two studies. In the first study, 19 classes from eight community centres and four Taoist Tai Chi Societies were tracked over a full calendar year. Enrollment in community Tai Chi (TC) classes was highest in the fall, average attendance was good (72%) and dropout was low (23%). Surveys were completed by 116 TC, 63 line dancers (LD) and 42 from Taoist classes for comparison purposes. The profile of older adults who tend to join TC and LD classes is predominantly female, Caucasian, mid-60's, relatively healthy and physically active. Personal expectations, past experience and ease of learning the movements were related to subsequent participation.

In the second study, data was collected at program entry and completion (after 10-weeks) from 20 TC and 18 LD beginners, and 14 seniors not enrolled in exercise classes (NE). All groups scored well on the physical and psychophysical measures at baseline, not surprisingly since most were classified as somewhat to already active. Over the 10 weeks, the TC group significantly improved on two indicators of protective balance, while the LD group improved on several indicators of static, dynamic, and protective balance. The NE group showed no significant changes. Trends of improved flexibility emerged for both exercise groups: strength was maintained. These findings are encouraging given limited program duration, but could not be attributed to Tai Chi (or line dancing) per se due to concurrent participation in other exercise classes. Posttest scores of the TC beginners were compared to 20 experienced Taoist practitioners. The latter group scored significantly better on only one indicator, likely due to the fact that both samples were involved in other physical activities.

In conclusion, this project represents the first attempt to profile older adults who enroll in community Tai Chi and line dancing classes and examine the extent of improvement following a single session of participation in beginner classes. Our findings providing a basis of comparison for future studies.