Political Science

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This is the collection for the University of Waterloo's Department of Political Science.

Research outputs are organized by type (eg. Master Thesis, Article, Conference Paper).

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Browsing Political Science by Author "Wang, Hongying"

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    Economic Sanctions and Nuclear Non-proliferation: A Comparative Study of North Korea and Iran
    (University of Waterloo, 2021-01-14) Morrison, Kallen; Wang, Hongying
    The history of using economic sanctions to curb nuclear proliferation has had mixed results. The goal of this research project is to determine why economic sanctions are more effective in some cases than they are in others. The two case studies, North Korea and Iran are examples of the failures and successes of economic sanctions, respectively. In order to understand it is the disparity in outcomes of economic sanctions, a framework of four factors was designed. This framework consists of: limited political contestation within the sanctioned country, economic versus security vulnerability, and the international cooperation mounted against the target state. In Iran’s case, the limited contestation under an authoritarian regime, the desperate need to get oil and gas exports on the international market, relatively low-security concerns, and a coordinated international campaign of economic sanctions explain why the sanctions have thus far prevented Iran from developing nuclear weapons. In North Korea’s case, the absolute nature of its authoritarianism, the insular command economy, high-security concerns, and countries like China and South Korea shielding North Korea from economic sanctions are the reasons why economic sanctions have fallen short in stopping North Korea from acquiring nuclear weapons. Future studies of other cases can test this framework of analysis.
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    From Bilateral Investment Treaties to Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreements: A Study of the Brazilian Experience
    (University of Waterloo, 2018-11-06) De Paola Almeida Carvalho, Julia; Wang, Hongying
    Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) provide rules to the flow of foreign direct investment between two countries. This type of agreement establishes the main terms and conditions under which individuals and companies of one country can make investments in the jurisdiction of another country. Brazil signed a number of BITs in the 1990s but did not ratify any of them. Since 2015, the Brazilian government has signed several new agreements, of which two have been ratified and are already in force. The other agreements seem to be following the same path towards ratification. This thesis seeks to explain this change. It argues that three factors have been crucial in bringing the success in ratification of this latest wave of agreements: 1) the reformulation of the investment agreements from the traditional template of BITs to the new template of Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreements (CFIAs); 2) the changing role of Brazil from an importer to both an importer and an exporter of capital; and 3) the extensive political organization, both inside and outside the government, to support the ratification of the agreements.