Spitzer, Isaac2022-01-252022-01-252022-01-252022-01-12http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17965In this thesis, various topics pertaining to weak gravitational lensing and its application to cosmology and galaxy evolution are explored. The first chapter is the introduction which contains all of the background information needed to understand the rest of the thesis. Topics covered include cosmology, structure formation, the formation and evolution of galaxies, weak gravitational lensing, galaxy shape measurement, and simulations for the measurement and correction of biases in weak lensing surveys. In the second chapter of this thesis, we present an analysis of weak lensing signals around galaxy groups and clusters using the data from the Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS), part of the Ultraviolet Near-Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS). Lenses are selected from the Tinker group catalogue and the redMaPPer cluster catalogue, and binned by estimated halo mass and richness. The weak lensing shape distortions around groups and clusters are then fit with simple models out to the virial radius. For redMaPPer clusters, we evaluate the mass-richness relation and find good agreement with previous results using other weak lensing data sets. We make the first weak lensing measurement of the masses of galaxy groups selected from the Tinker (2020a) catalogue, finding better agreement if the cosmological parameters have a lower value of 𝑆8 ≡ (Ωm/0.3)0.5𝜎8 = 0.74 ± 0.03. Additionally, we bin the groups by the colour of the central galaxy and confirm evidence for a bimodality in halo masses between groups with red and blue centrals for stellar masses > 10^11𝑀⊙. In the third chapter, we present a weak lensing analysis of satellite galaxies in galaxy group environments. We find a mean satellite mass from satellites selected from the Tinker (2020a) catalogue of log_10<M_sat/h^{-1}𝑀⊙> = 12.5 ± 0.2. Satellite galaxies in these environments are also predicted to be tidally stripped. We place a 1𝜎 lower limit on the truncation radius of 19 h^{-1} kpc. We then attempt to measure the truncation radius as a function of their projected separation from the group centre, but find that binning the satellites reduces the strength of the signal too significantly to measure such an effect. In the final chapter of the thesis, we explore the topic of bias calibration in weak lensing surveys. A set of simulations designed to mock CFIS/UNIONS weak lensing observations is described. These simulations have a known shear applied to them, which can then attempt to be recovered via the weak lensing pipeline utilized by the survey. Initial measurements of the multiplicative and additive biases, which can be used to calibrate the shape measurements, are made.enDoctoral Thesis