de Jongh, StevenMueller, FelicitasCañizares, Claudio A.Leibfried, ThomasBhattacharya, Kankar2025-09-102025-09-102025-06-251949-30531949-3061https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2025.3576697https://hdl.handle.net/10012/22370(© 2025 IEEE) de Jongh, S., Mueller, F., Cañizares, C. A., Leibfried, T., & Bhattacharya, K. (2025). Distribution Grid State estimation with limited actual and pseudo measurements. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 16(5), 3638–3652. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3576697Methods for distribution system state estimation in Low Voltage (LV) distribution grids are discussed in this paper, for systems with a high penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as solar generators and heatpumps. The proposed methods are specifically designed for LV grids with sparse measurement availability, such as feeders with measurements only at the distribution transformer, as is typically the case in some European LV grids. For these cases, device locations, temporal data, and weather data are used in the proposed techniques to estimate variables at unmeasured grid nodes. The impact of smart meters is also investigated by simulating the impact of individual smart meter measurements on the estimation results. The proposed methods are based on time series disaggregation of transformer measurements, such as thermoelectrical demand, baseload, and solar generation, enabling improvements over existing Pseudo-Measurement (PM) generation techniques. Furthermore, the paper presents approaches for estimating voltages and currents in the feeder using both actual and PMs, based on classical estimation methods and interval estimation techniques for unmeasured variables. The results for an realistic German LV grid show that the proposed disaggregation step allows to significantly improve the results of the state estimation results over state-of-the-art methods.endisaggregationdistribution system state estimationinterval estimationlow voltage gridspseudo measurementssmart metersArticle10.1109/tsg.2025.3576697